PGE Extraction of Quarry High-nickel Matte
Separation of high-nickel matte in copper, nickel, iron, cobalt and other metals and sulfides, PGM concentrate PGM output enrichment process.
High-nickel matte containing platinum group metals is copper-nickel smelting symbiotic sulphide intermediate product, containing mainly Ni3S2, Cu2S, Cu-Ni-Fe alloy and platinum group metals(
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). Platinum group metals with high nickel content of matte origin vary. Such as China and Canada, produced by high-nickel matte containing platinum group metals 0.002% to 0.005%, South Africa and the former Soviet Union amounted to 0.05% to 0.1%. High-nickel matte in the precious metals to be 1000 to 5000-fold enrichment in order to get 50% of the concentrate containing precious metals. Therefore, the need to use fire assay, wet and electricity in metallurgical processes with each other to reduce or avoid the loss of platinum dispersion of the case, obtained from high-nickel matte to meet the requirements of the platinum group metals in concentrate. High-grade nickel-PGM matte higher the enrichment process is shorter, higher PGM recoveries. The main extraction methods hierarchical melting, electrochemical dissolution, separation floating mill, pressure leaching, chlorine leaching and so on.
Commonly known as the top one bottom layer melting method. High nickel matte block and sodium, together with coke in the blast furnace or electric furnace for smelting reduction, generated Na2S and high nickel mattes Cu2S in the formation of low density melt isomorphism, rather than the role of Ni3S2 and Na2S density than large, because density is divided into different layers, cooling can be stripped apart. Top Na2S-Cu2S enriched mainly gold, silver and selenium, the underlying enrichment of the original high-nickel matte Ni3S2 90% of the platinum group metals. Bottom broken, after roasting, reduction smelting, electrolytic refining crude nickel-processing, the final enrichment of platinum group metals in the anode mud. And then extract the platinum group metals from the anode mud concentrate. This method is the production cycle is long, feed back and more, copper, nickel separation is not good enough, has been rarely used. Electrochemical dissolution of nickel matte to high soluble anodic dissolution in acid electrolyte in power. Copper, nickel, iron and other dissolved into the electrolyte, gold, silver and platinum group metals and enriched in the insoluble anode mud. And then extract the platinum group metal concentrates from the anode mud. This method is the production cycle is long, feed back and more, anode mud yield large, precious metals in the electrolyte and cathode copper sponge output losses are more dispersed, it is rarely used.
Separation of high-nickel matte floating mill in the steel melt slowly cooling 72h, in the slow cooling process continued to gather grain grew up, the last generation Cu2S, Ni3S2, Cu-Ni-Fe alloy three kinds of phases. The original high-nickel matte in the last 90% of the platinum group metals enriched in copper-nickel alloy (Cu-Ni-Fe) in the. The high crystallinity of nickel matte by crushing(
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), grinding, the use of a flotation or flotation magnetic separation of the phase composition (see high-nickel matte grinding float separation).
Magnetic – magnetic flotation separation of copper-nickel alloy selected (Cu-Ni-Fe), platinum-group metals by copper-nickel alloys mentioned approach. Magnetic separation of copper concentrate flotation tailings and then (Cu2S) and nickel concentrates (Ni3S2). This method is the key to achieve high blowing in the converter stage to make the high-nickel matte nickel-matte metal up to a certain extent, that is missing 10% to 15% sulfur, to produce a sufficient amount of Cu-Ni-Fe alloy to enrichment platinum group metals. In addition, we must strictly control the high-nickel matte ingot cooling rate, so that each phase to fully crystalline aggregate, ground will be fully dissociated. South Africa, Canada, China, have adopted this approach.
When the high-nickel matte flotation separation of Cu-Ni-Fe alloy is less, granulocytes, dissociation is not good, the first floating a few selected copper concentrate containing platinum group metals, platinum group metals are enriched in the Ni3S2-based and contain a small amount of Ni-Cu-Fe alloy of nickel concentrate. Will be Nickel sulfide concentrate cast nickel anode, and then electrolytic refining of nickel sulfide. Or nickel concentrate by oxidation roasting, smelting reduction and then the coarse electrolytic refining of nickel. Finally, mention platinum by nickel anode mud treatment received PGM concentrate. This method is a long cycle, returning more than expected, the low recovery of precious metals, has less to use.
Pressure leaching in sulfuric acid solution in the high pressure leaching of nickel matte finely ground control. 103 ~ 443K of leaching temperature and oxygen partial pressure 0.3 ~ 0.7MPa, the nickel and copper sulfide is oxidized to soluble sulfate separation of platinum group metals enriched in the insoluble residue. PGM outputs residue then treated concentrate. South Africa’s Impala (Impala) platinum precious metals mining company this method to deal with the high grade of 0.1% of nickel matte, the final output of around 45% of concentrates containing platinum group metals.
Hydrochloric acid chlorine leaching to pass into the high chlorine leaching of finely ground matte Nickel, copper, nickel, iron, cobalt and other base metals and precious metals into the solution and separated. Precious metal enrichment in the insoluble sulfur-based residue(
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). Residue after extraction of platinum group metals separation of elemental sulfur concentrate.
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